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Text Case Conversion Guide
Text case refers to whether letters are capitalized or lowercase. Different contexts require different cases — professional writing uses Title Case for headings, programming uses camelCase or snake_case for variables, and databases often store data in lowercase for consistency.
Common Text Cases Explained
- UPPERCASE: ALL LETTERS CAPITALIZED — used for acronyms, emphasis, constants in code
- lowercase: all letters small — standard for URLs, CSS class names, database fields
- Title Case: First Letter Of Each Word Capitalized — used for headings, titles, proper nouns
- Sentence case: First letter of sentence capitalized — standard for body text
- camelCase: firstWordLower ThenCapitalized — used in JavaScript, Java variable names
- PascalCase: EveryWordCapitalized — used for class names in most OOP languages
- snake_case: words_separated_by_underscores — Python variables, database column names
- kebab-case: words-separated-by-hyphens — CSS class names, URL slugs
What case convention should I use for URLs?
Use lowercase kebab-case for URLs (e.g., /my-page-title). Reasons: URLs are case-sensitive on most servers (Linux), so /Page and /page are different URLs, causing potential duplicate content issues. Hyphens are treated as word separators by Google (underscores are not). Standard practice for SEO-friendly URLs is all-lowercase with hyphens as separators.
When should I use ALL CAPS?
ALL CAPS is appropriate for: abbreviations and acronyms (NASA, URL, HTML), column headers in data tables, specific button text for strong calls-to-action, and programming constants (MAX_SIZE, API_KEY). Avoid using all caps for regular text — it's considered "shouting" in digital communication and reduces readability by 13% compared to mixed case (research: Tinker, 1955).